The Eight Immortals

Pantheon of Tao

By: Cheng Tong - Jun 25, 2024

 

Lu Dongbin, also known as Lü Dongbin or Lu Tung-Pin, is a towering figure in Chinese mythology and religion. As one of the Eight Immortals, a revered pantheon within Daoism, he transcends the boundaries of a mere historical figure. He embodies wisdom, benevolence, and mastery of the Dao (the Way), leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire generations. This exploration delves into the life, legends, and significance of Lu Dongbin, the scholar-immortal who wields both sword and wisdom.

From Scholar to Seeker: The Historical Lu Dongbin

While shrouded in some mystery, historical records suggest Lu Dongbin lived during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE). His birthplace is believed to be Jingzhao Prefecture, and some accounts mention a sister, though details remain scarce. Unlike other immortals whose existence is purely mythical, Lu Dongbin likely had a real-life counterpart. He was a scholar, his poems even finding a place in the “Quan Tang Shi” (Complete Tang Poetry) collection.

The Transformation: Embracing the Daoist Path

Legends diverge on the turning point of Lu Dongbin’s life. A common theme involves a dream or vision. In one version, after failing an imperial exam, Lu encounters the Daoist immortal Zhongli Quan who shows him a dream of a successful yet ultimately tragic life. Awakened, Lu renounces the pursuit of worldly success and embraces the path of Daoism. This experience becomes a symbol of the impermanence of earthly pursuits and the allure of achieving immortality through Daoist practices.

The Eight Immortals: A Fellowship of Deities

Lu Dongbin is inextricably linked to the Eight Immortals (Baxian). While each immortal possesses unique characteristics and symbolism, together they represent various aspects of Daoist philosophy and practices. Lu Dongbin often stands out as the most well-known and revered member. He is considered the leader or “de facto leader” of the group, and is the only one to receive significant individual veneration outside of the collective Eight Immortals concept.

The Scholar-Warrior: Iconography and Symbolism

In artistic depictions, Lu Dongbin is typically portrayed as a scholar-gentleman. He wears the traditional robe and hat of a scholar, signifying his intellectual pursuits. However, a crucial element sets him apart – a magical sword. This sword, often sheathed, represents his ability to vanquish evil spirits and negativity. It reflects the Daoist concept of conquering internal demons and achieving spiritual balance. Additionally, Lu Dongbin frequently carries a fly whisk, a symbol of dispelling negativity and promoting good fortune.

Legends and Teachings: Lu Dongbin’s Enduring Influence

Numerous legends surround Lu Dongbin, illustrating his Daoist principles and benevolence. One famous tale recounts his encounter with an elderly woman struggling to draw water from a well. Struck by her honesty, Lu Dongbin transforms the well water into wine, showcasing his magical abilities used for good. Another well-known story narrates his attempts to guide a young woman, White Peony, away from a dissolute life, emphasizing the importance of self-cultivation and moral conduct.

Lu Dongbin is also credited as a founder of Daoist sects and a master of “neidan” (internal alchemy), a practice focused on cultivating inner energy and achieving immortality. He is associated with several Daoist texts, including “The Secret of the Golden Flower,” a foundational work on neidan.

Lu Dongbin’s Legacy: A Beacon of Daoist Wisdom

Lu Dongbin’s significance extends far beyond his historical existence or legendary feats. He embodies core Daoist values: the pursuit of wisdom, achieving harmony with the Dao, and using one’s power for good. His stories serve as parables, teaching lessons about overcoming worldly temptations, achieving self-mastery, and the importance of compassion. Lu Dongbin’s enduring popularity is a testament to the timeless appeal of these Daoist ideals.

Conclusion: The Scholar-Immortal in the Modern World

Today, Lu Dongbin continues to be a revered figure in China and beyond. He is depicted in art, literature, and popular culture, his image a reminder of the Daoist path. As humanity grapples with the complexities of the modern world, Lu Dongbin’s message of seeking balance, overcoming internal struggles, and using knowledge for good remains relevant. His legacy serves as an inspiration to scholars, martial artists, and anyone seeking to live a more harmonious and fulfilling life.